As we enter another winter season, a new COVID-19 variant called NB.1.8.1 is making headlines. This variant is causing concern due to its rapid spread in some parts of the world. But what do we know about NB.1.8.1, and is sneezing a key symptom to watch out for? Let’s take a closer look at the latest information.
What is the NB.1.8.1 Variant?
NB.1.8.1 is a new subvariant of the Omicron family of SARS-CoV-2. It was first detected in January 2025 and has since spread to multiple countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated it as a “variant under monitoring” due to its increasing prevalence.
Some key points about NB.1.8.1:
- It’s a descendant of the JN.1 lineage of Omicron
- It has been detected in at least 22 countries so far
- By late April 2025, it made up about 10.7% of global sequenced samples, up from just 2.5% four weeks earlier
- It’s spreading particularly quickly in parts of Asia and Australia
Is NB.1.8.1 More Transmissible?
Early research suggests NB.1.8.1 may be more transmissible than previous variants. A recent preprint study found that NB.1.8.1 had the strongest binding affinity to human ACE2 receptors among several variants tested. This could allow it to infect cells more efficiently.
The study also found that antibodies from vaccination or prior infection were about 1.5 times less effective at neutralizing NB.1.8.1 compared to another recent variant. This partial immune evasion could contribute to its rapid spread.
What Are the Symptoms of NB.1.8.1?
According to current data, the symptoms of NB.1.8.1 appear to be similar to other recent Omicron subvariants. Common symptoms may include:
- Sore throat
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Mild cough
- Muscle aches
- Nasal congestion
Some people may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms. Importantly, while sneezing can occur with COVID-19, it is not typically considered one of the primary symptoms to watch for with NB.1.8.1 or other recent variants.
Is NB.1.8.1 More Severe?
So far, there is no evidence that NB.1.8.1 causes more severe disease than other recent COVID variants. The WHO has not observed any indication of increased severity. However, as with any COVID infection, some individuals – particularly those who are older or have underlying health conditions – may be at higher risk of serious outcomes.
Do Vaccines Still Work Against NB.1.8.1?
While NB.1.8.1 shows some ability to partially evade immunity, experts believe current COVID vaccines should still provide good protection against severe disease. The latest booster shots target the JN.1 variant, from which NB.1.8.1 descends, so they are likely to offer meaningful protection.
What Should You Do?
As NB.1.8.1 continues to spread, it’s important to stay vigilant and take precautions, especially if you are at higher risk for severe COVID. Some recommendations include:
- Stay up-to-date on COVID vaccinations if eligible
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Consider wearing a mask in crowded indoor spaces
- Stay home if you feel unwell
- Get tested if you have COVID symptoms or known exposure
If you’re concerned about your symptoms or risk factors, don’t hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional. Our respiratory infections consultation service can provide expert guidance. For parents concerned about COVID symptoms in children, our pediatric urgent care consultation is available.
