Emergency contraceptive pills, also known as the “morning-after pill”, should be taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex. For maximum effectiveness, take emergency contraception within 72 hours (3 days) of unprotected intercourse. However, some types can be effective for up to 5 days after unprotected sex.
Key Points on Taking Emergency Contraception:
- Take it as soon as possible after unprotected sex – the sooner, the more effective
- Most effective within 72 hours (3 days)
- Some types work for up to 120 hours (5 days)
- Available over-the-counter without a treatment in pharmacies
- Does not protect against STIs – only prevents pregnancy
- Not intended for regular contraception – speak to a doctor about ongoing birth control
How Emergency Contraception Works
Emergency contraceptive pills work primarily by delaying or preventing ovulation. They may also prevent fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg. The pills contain a higher dose of the same hormones found in regular birth control pills.
It’s important to note that emergency contraception is not an abortion pill and will not end an existing pregnancy. It only works to prevent pregnancy before it occurs.
Types of Emergency Contraception
There are two main types available in the UK:
1. Levonorgestrel Pills (e.g. Levonelle)
- Can be taken up to 72 hours after unprotected sex
- Most effective if taken within 12-24 hours
- Available over-the-counter without treatment
2. Ulipristal Acetate (ellaOne)
- Can be taken up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex
- More effective than levonorgestrel, especially after 72 hours
- Requires treatment in some areas
Effectiveness of Emergency Contraception
When taken within 24 hours of unprotected sex, emergency contraceptive pills are up to 95% effective at preventing pregnancy. Effectiveness decreases the longer you wait to take it:
- Within 24 hours: 95% effective
- 24-48 hours: 85% effective
- 48-72 hours: 75% effective
Side Effects
Emergency contraception is safe for most women, but some may experience mild side effects like:
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Irregular bleeding
These side effects usually resolve on their own within a few days. If you experience severe symptoms, consult a healthcare provider.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Speak to a doctor or visit a sexual health clinic if:
- You vomit within 2 hours of taking the pill
- Your next period is more than 7 days late
- You have unusual bleeding or abdominal pain
- You think you might be pregnant
- You need advice on regular contraception
Follow-Up Contraception
Emergency contraception only protects against pregnancy from recent unprotected sex. You’ll need to use additional contraception or abstain from sex until your next period. Consider speaking to a healthcare provider about ongoing birth control options.
For personalized advice on contraception and sexual health, book a video consultation with a general practitioner. They can discuss the best contraceptive methods for your individual needs.
